Java Interview Questions and Answers

Java Interview Questions:


1. What is the most important feature of Java?

Java is a platform independent language.

2. What do you mean by platform independence?

Platform independence means that we can write and compile the java code in one platform (eg Windows) and can execute the class in any other supported platform eg (Linux,Solaris,etc).



3. What is a JVM?

JVM is Java Virtual Machine which is a run time environment for the compiled java class files.

4. Are JVM's platform independent?

JVM's are not platform independent. JVM's are platform specific run time implementation provided by the vendor.

5. What is the difference between a JDK and a JVM?

JDK is Java Development Kit which is for development purpose and it includes execution environment also. But JVM is purely a run time environment and hence you will not be able to compile your source files using a JVM.

6. What is a pointer and does Java support pointers?

Pointer is a reference handle to a memory location. Improper handling of pointers leads to memory leaks and reliability issues hence Java doesn't support the usage of pointers.

7. What is the base class of all classes?

java.lang.Object

8. Does Java support multiple inheritance?

Java doesn't support multiple inheritance.

9. Is Java a pure object oriented language?

Java uses primitive data types and hence is not a pure object oriented language.

10. Are arrays primitive data types?

In Java, Arrays are objects.

11. What is difference between Path and Classpath?

Path and Classpath are operating system level environment variales. Path is used define where the system can find the executables(.exe) files and classpath is used to specify the location .class files.



12. What are local variables?

Local varaiables are those which are declared within a block of code like methods. Local variables should be initialised before accessing them.

13. What are instance variables?

Instance variables are those which are defined at the class level. Instance variables need not be initialized before using them as they are automatically initialized to their default values.

15. What is JIT compiler?

Just-In-Time(JIT) compiler:It is used to improve the performance. JIT compiles parts of the byte code that have similar functionality at the same time, and hence reduces the amount of time needed for compilation.Here the term “compiler” refers to a translator from the instruction set of a Java virtual machine (JVM) to the instruction set of a specific CPU.

16. What is platform?

A platform is basically the hardware or software environment in which a program runs. There are two types of platforms software-based and hardware-based. Java provides software-based platform.

17. What is the main difference between Java platform and other platforms?

The Java platform differs from most other platforms in the sense that it's a software-based platform that runs on top of other hardware-based platforms.It has two components:
  1. Runtime Environment
  2. API(Application Programming Interface)

18. What gives Java its 'write once and run anywhere' nature?

The bytecode. Java is compiled to be a byte code which is the intermediate language between source code and machine code. This byte code is not platform specific and hence can be fed to any platform.

19. What is classloader?

The classloader is a subsystem of JVM that is used to load classes and interfaces.There are many types of classloaders e.g. Bootstrap classloader, Extension classloader, System classloader, Plugin classloader etc.

20. What is difference between object oriented programming language and object based programming language?

Object based programming languages follow all the features of OOPs except Inheritance. Examples of object based programming languages are JavaScript, VBScript etc.

21. What will be the initial value of an object reference which is defined as an instance variable?

The object references are all initialized to null in Java.
Other Questions:

[ ] What do you know about Java?
[ ] What are the supported platforms by Java Programming Language?
[ ] List any five features of Java?
[ ] Why is Java Architectural Neutral?
[ ] How Java enabled High Performance?
[ ] Why Java is considered dynamic?
[ ] What is Java Virtual Machine and how it is considered in context of Java’s platform independent feature?
[ ] List two Java IDE’s?
[ ] List some Java keywords(unlike C, C++ keywords)?
[ ] What do you mean by Object?
[ ] Define class?
[ ] What kind of variables a class can consist of?
[ ] What is a Local Variable?
[ ] What is a Instance Variable?
[ ] What is a Class Variable?
[ ] What is Singleton class?
[ ] What do you mean by Constructor?
[ ] List the three steps for creating an Object for a class?
[ ] What is the default value of byte datatype in Java?
[ ] What is the default value of float and double datatype in Java?
[ ] When a byte datatype is used?
[ ] What is a static variable?
[ ] What do you mean by Access Modifier?
[ ] What is protected access modifier?
[ ] What do you mean by synchronized Non Access Modifier?
[ ] According to Java Operator precedence, which operator is considered to be with highest precedence?
[ ] Variables used in a switch statement can be used with which datatypes?
[ ] When parseInt() method can be used?
[ ] Why is String class considered immutable?
[ ] Why is StringBuffer called mutable?
[ ] What is the difference between StringBuffer and StringBuilder class?
[ ] Which package is used for pattern matching with regular expressions?
[ ] java.util.regex consists of which classes?
[ ] What is finalize() method?
[ ] What is an Exception?
[ ] What do you mean by Checked Exceptions?
[ ] Explain Runtime Exceptions?
[ ] Which are the two subclasses under Exception class?
[ ] When throws keyword is used?
[ ] When throw keyword is used?
[ ] How finally used under Exception Handling?
[ ] What things should be kept in mind while creating your own exceptions in Java?
[ ] Define Inheritance?
[ ] When super keyword is used?
[ ] What is Polymorphism?
[ ] What is Abstraction?
[ ] What is Abstract class?
[ ] When Abstract methods are used?
[ ] What is Encapsulation?
[ ] What is the primary benefit of Encapsulation?
[ ] What is an Interface?
[ ] Give some features of Interface?
[ ] Define Packages in Java?
[ ] Why Packages are used?
[ ] What do you mean by Multithreaded program?
[ ] What are the two ways in which Thread can be created?
[ ] What is an applet?
[ ] An applet extend which class?
[ ] Explain garbage collection in Java?
[ ] Define immutable object?
[ ] Explain the usage of this() with constructors?
[ ] Explain Set Interface?
[ ] Explain TreeSet?
[ ] What is Comparable Interface?
[ ] Difference between throw and throws?
[ ] Explain the following line used under Java Program −
    public static void main (String args[ ])
[ ] Define JRE i.e. Java Runtime Environment?
[ ] What is JAR file?
[ ] What is a WAR file?
[ ] Define JIT compiler?
[ ] What is the difference between object oriented programming language and object based programming language?
[ ] What is the purpose of default constructor?
[ ] Can a constructor be made final?
[ ] What is static block?
[ ] Define composition?
[ ] What is function overloading?
[ ] What is function overriding?
[ ] Difference between Overloading and Overriding?
[ ] What is final class?
[ ] What is NullPointerException?
[ ] What are the ways in which a thread can enter the waiting state?
[ ] How does multi-threading take place on a computer with a single CPU?
[ ] What invokes a thread's run() method?
[ ] Does it matter in what order catch statements for FileNotFoundException and IOException are written?
[ ] What is the difference between yielding and sleeping?
[ ] Why Vector class is used?
[ ] How many bits are used to represent Unicode, ASCII, UTF-16, and UTF-8 characters?
[ ] What are Wrapper classes?
[ ] What is the difference between a Window and a Frame?
[ ] Which package has light weight components?
[ ] What is the difference between the paint() and repaint() methods?
[ ] What is the purpose of File class?
[ ] What is the difference between the Reader/Writer class hierarchy and the InputStream/OutputStream class hierarchy?
[ ] Which class should you use to obtain design information about an object?
[ ] What is the difference between static and non-static variables?
[ ] What is Serialization and deserialization?
[ ] What are use cases?
[ ] Explain the use of sublass in a Java program?
[ ] How to add menushortcut to menu item?
[ ] Can you write a Java class that could be used both as an applet as well as an application?
[ ] What is the difference between Swing and AWT components?
[ ] What's the difference between constructors and other methods?
[ ] Is there any limitation of using Inheritance?
[ ] When is the ArrayStoreException thrown?
[ ] Can you call one constructor from another if a class has multiple constructors?
[ ] What's the difference between the methods sleep() and wait()?
[ ] When ArithmeticException is thrown?
[ ] What is a transient variable?
[ ] What is synchronization?
[ ] What is the Collections API?
[ ] Does garbage collection guarantee that a program will not run out of memory?
[ ] The immediate superclass of the Applet class?
[ ] Which Java operator is right associative?
[ ] What is the difference between a break statement and a continue statement?
[ ] If a variable is declared as private, where may the variable be accessed?
[ ] What is the purpose of the System class?
[ ] List primitive Java types?
[ ] What is the relationship between clipping and repainting under AWT?
[ ] Which class is the immediate superclass of the Container class?
[ ] What class of exceptions are generated by the Java run-time system?
[ ] Under what conditions is an object's finalize() method invoked by the garbage collector?
[ ] How can a dead thread be restarted?
[ ] Which arithmetic operations can result in the throwing of an ArithmeticException?
[ ] Variable of the boolean type is automatically initialized as?
[ ] Can try statements be nested?
[ ] What are ClassLoaders?
[ ] What is the difference between an Interface and an Abstract class?
[ ] What will happen if static modifier is removed from the signature of the main method?
[ ] What is the default value of an object reference declared as an instance variable?
[ ] Can a top level class be private or protected?
[ ] Why do we need wrapper classes?
[ ] What is the difference between error and an exception?
[ ] Is it necessary that each try block must be followed by a catch block?
[ ] When a thread is created and started, what is its initial state?
[ ] What is the Locale class?
[ ] What are synchronized methods and synchronized statements?
[ ] What is runtime polymorphism or dynamic method dispatch?
[ ] What is Dynamic Binding(late binding)?
[ ] Can constructor be inherited?
[ ] What are the advantages of ArrayList over arrays?
[ ] Why deletion in LinkedList is fast than ArrayList?
[ ] How do you decide when to use ArrayList and LinkedList?
[ ] What is a Values Collection View ?
[ ] What is dot operator?
[ ] Where and how can you use a private constructor?
[ ] What is type casting?
[ ] Describe life cycle of thread?
[ ] What is the difference between the >> and >>> operators?
[ ] Which method of the Component class is used to set the position and size of a component?
[ ] What is the range of the short type?
[ ] What is the immediate superclass of Menu?
[ ] Does Java allow Default Arguments?
[ ] Which number is denoted by leading zero in java?
[ ] Which number is denoted by leading 0x or 0X in java?
[ ] Break statement can be used as labels in Java?
[ ] Where import statement is used in a Java program?
[ ] Explain suspend() method under Thread class>
[ ] Explain isAlive() method under Thread class?
[ ] What is currentThread()?
[ ] Explain main thread under Thread class execution?
[ ] Life cycle of an applet includes which steps?
[ ] Why is the role of init() method under applets?
[ ] Which method is called by Applet class to load an image?
[ ] Define code as an attribute of Applet?
[ ] Define canvas?
[ ] Define Network Programming?
[ ] What is a Socket?
[ ] Advantages of Java Sockets?
[ ] Disadvantages of Java Sockets?
[ ] Which class is used by server applications to obtain a port and listen for client requests?
[ ] Which class represents the socket that both the client and server use to communicate with each other?
[ ] Why Generics are used in Java?
[ ] What environment variables do I need to set on my machine in order to be able to run Java programs?
[ ] Is there any need to import java.lang package?
[ ] What is Nested top-level class?
[ ] What is Externalizable interface?
[ ] If System.exit (0); is written at the end of the try block, will the finally block still execute?
[ ] What is daemon thread?
[ ] Which method is used to create the daemon thread?
[ ] Which method must be implemented by all threads?
[ ] What is the GregorianCalendar class?
[ ] What is the SimpleTimeZone class?
[ ] What is the difference between the size and capacity of a Vector?
[ ] Can a vector contain heterogenous objects?
[ ] What is an enumeration?
[ ] What is difference between Path and Classpath?
[ ] Can a class declared as private be accessed outside it's package?
[ ] What are the restriction imposed on a static method or a static block of code?
[ ] Can an Interface extend another Interface?
[ ] Which object oriented Concept is achieved by using overloading and overriding?
[ ] What is an object's lock and which object's have locks?
[ ] What is Downcasting?
[ ] What are order of precedence and associativity and how are they used?
[ ] If a method is declared as protected, where may the method be accessed?
[ ] What is the difference between inner class and nested class?
[ ] What restrictions are placed on method overriding?
[ ] What is constructor chaining and how is it achieved in Java?
[ ] Can a double value be cast to a byte?
[ ] How does a try statement determine which catch clause should be used to handle an exception?
[ ] What will be the default values of all the elements of an array defined as an instance variable?

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